Male calves are castrated to: When male and female cattle are kept together in the same herd, unwanted pregnancies can be avoided....

Breeding in the beef herd (enabling a bull to mate with a cow in heat) and consequently calving, can take place at any time of year, or...

If the cow is exposed to as little stress as possible during the first days after conception, the chances of successful fertilization and...

An animal's life cycle begins at conception. The calf is born after a gestation period of 283 days, or approximately 9 months. The length...